Evaluation of liver biochemical parameters in manganese miners

Manganese [Mn] related jobs may cause manganism especially in miners. Side effects include neural and pathological disorders. In spite of liver is the main organ that filters Mn [99%] but few studies has performed about Mn toxicity in liver so no specific biochemical indicator is available [Gunnar]. In this study, the relation between blood, urine and saliva Mn level and its hepatotoxic effects is evaluated. Blood, urine, saliva of 50 accidently selected miners collected in acid washed tubes for an experience study. Samples were used to evaluation not only biochemical parameters by pars azmoon kits but also Mn concentration by mass spectroscopy. Manganese concentration in all miners in addition to blood AST, ALT, ALP increased significantly [p<0.001] related to controls. Miners with 10-15 years background had higher blood total, direct and indirect billirubin and ALP levels compared to others. Mn concentration in serum declined but in urine and saliva had no changes by working in mine. AST and ALT increased significantly in miners with 300 micro g/L serum Mn concentration. Mn concentration in various samples and serum AST and ALT level were higher in native miners than non-native but in both not related to background. Significantly higher levels of billirubin, AST and ALT in miners compared to controls revealed Mn hepatotoxic effects in them. Also significant ALP increasing showed cholestasis in miners that supported by AST, ALT level. Significant billirubin, AST, ALT, ALP in miners with 10-15 years background revealed the importance of this period in miners liver check up. Higher Mn levels in different sources of native miners can be due to more environmental contact. Higher AST, ALT and lower ALP level in native miners indicate more hepatastoxic and less cholestasis and therefore arthrosclerosis and parkinson risk in these workers

Ingestion of silver nanoparticles leads to changes in blood parameters

The silver nanoparticles, being very small size, can permeate the cellular membrane and interfere in the cell's natural process. In the present study, the effects of time, the dosage of these particles and their use on blood molecules and hormones, the volume of drinking water, and the urine parameters were analyzed. Thirty six rats of the Wistar race, as subjects, were divided into six groups [one control group: C and five test groups: T1-T5]. In the test groups, drinking water was replaced by the Nanosilver [NS] solution with concentrations of 5, 20, 35, 65, 95[ppm]. After three and six months, three rats were chosen randomly from each group, and their blood was collected. Various blood parameters were measured instantly, and the results were processed by one-way analyses of variance and Tukey's test. The animal's uptake of water increased significantly in parallel with the increasing of the particles' concentration. Ketone bodies were noticed to be present in the urine of the female rats received high doses of the particles. The level of T4 decreased considerably [p<0.05] in parallel with the time and the concentration of the received particles. Depending on the dosage, and the time of use, blood testosterone increased, and the level of blood cortisol decreased. The observed effects were more evident in the proceedings with the concentration of 35ppm. Ingestion of NS particles, especially by high doses and in long terms, can cause high blood pressure, tissue injury-particularly liver injury-and endocrine glands

Production and purification of streptokinase by protected affinity chromatography

Streptokinase is an extracellular protein, extracted from certain strains of beta hemolytic streptococcus. It is a non-protease plasminogen activator that activates plasminogen to plasmin, the enzyme that degrades fibrin cloth through its specific lysine binding site; it is used therefore as a drug in thrombolytic therapy. The rate of bacterial growth and streptokinase production was studied in condition of excess glucose addition to culture media and its pH maintenance. The Streptokinase product of the bacterial culture was preliminary extracted by salt precipitation and then purified by affinity chromatography on plasminogen substituted sepharose-4B in a condition that the plasminogen active site was protected from streptokinase-induced activation. The purity of streptokinase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and its biological activity determined in a specific Streptokinase assay. The results showed that in the fed-batch culture, the rate of Streptokinase production increased over two times as compared with the batch culture while at the same time, shortening the Streptokinase purification to a single step increased the yield over 95% at the chromatography stage